There are three relatively mature printing techniques for cotton fabrics: reactive ink printing, DTF white ink transfer printing, and DTG direct-to-garment printing. Reactive printing is often used for large-scale roll-to-roll printing, while DTF white ink transfer printing and DTG direct-to-garment printing are commonly used for printing on finished T-shirts. Mature printing techniques using reactive inks: Reactive ink delivers the best results with vibrant, beautiful colors and strong colorfastness, without altering the fabric's original feel. Its drawbacks include a highly complex process requiring significant investment: sizing → drying → printing → steaming → washing → drying. This series of intricate steps involves water usage in sizing, steaming, and washing, leading to substantial pollution and high costs, making it unsuitable for small-format, low-volume printing. Currently, reactive ink technology delivers the best fabric printing results on the market. However, a fully optimized solution that is both affordable, readily accessible, and sufficiently effective remains elusive. DTF white ink transfer printing offers a relatively cost-effective alternative. Mature printing techniques using DTF white ink transfer printing: DTF white ink transfer printing evolved from improvements to DTG direct-to-garment coating ink technology. DTG coating inks have existed in the industry for years but suffered from a persistent flaw: poor color fastness, prone to washing out, and ink failing to adhere to materials, resulting in dull colors. Starting in 2020, to address DTG pigment ink's shortcomings, the industry developed DTF white ink transfer printing. This method prints onto a coated film, then uses hot melt powder to bond the ink to the fabric. The hot melt powder essentially acts as an adhesive, bonding the ink layer from the film to the garment, thereby revealing the colors. While DTF resolved color fastness and vibrancy issues, it introduced new drawbacks: the hot melt powder forms a thick, non-breathable film with a heavy handfeel. This surface layer cracks and peels after prolonged washing. These limitations confined DTF printing to the mid-to-low-end fabric printing market. Within 1-2 years, DTF printing rapidly expanded and gained widespread acceptance in the mid-to-low-end T-shirt printing market.